colonial history of kerala pdf

This paper focuses on the circumstances that led to the rise of caste organisations in Kerala, South India during the 19th century. But unlike their predecessors, they were about to establish a colonial empire in India on the Malabar coast. Microlithic artifacts dating back to 4000 B.C. * Dutch Malabar ; A. Afonso de Albuquerque; Attingal Outbreak; B. These early modern sources are based on oral traditions of Paradeśi Jews in Cochin, who view the majority of Kerala Jews as inferior. Ancient Period refers to the time before the Christian era. >> %PDF-1.5 Phoenicians, Greeks, Egyptians, Romans, Jews, Arabs and Chinese were attracted by a variety of commodities, especially spices and cotton fabrics. /Filter /FlateDecode There were a number of empires ruling India between India from 2500 BC to 1857 AD including Mauryans, Guptas, Turks, Muslim, Mogul and more. ��"�:��$�"끮 Kerala cuisine has a multitude of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes prepared using fish, poultry and red meat. The earliest Sanskrit text to mention Kerala by name is the Aitareya Aranyaka of the Rigveda. Kerala stretches for about 360 miles along the Malabar Coast, varying in width from roughly 20 to 75 miles. Like it and Rate it below. The capital is Thiruvananthapuram. Around 1 BC the region was ruled by the Chera Dynasty, which traded with the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. Situated on the south-west coast of India, Kochi or Cochin is a bustling commercial port city with a trading history that dates back to at least 600 years. \qWd=��j&�.��ϟ��oUu��zU�� `B��UX1zԞc�8��7vRE�)3�@��?�"5}��6 لgUV�U��n� u9��k�Z��c��%�]G��֗ �P<�ކ^?��|0̽�y΁ߵ?�� Ҽ��MY�� k�v�~4�NB��yx@X��:LG͛��(ڊIŖ+ή��l @�;��A��e��ZP;�>��m7�� 8V4,l\��-\�� f�Z��e��W\�=[��D?S�{�D��И�/��?gC�g=e��b�*�>��=O(��r��>�G��,�Y�X��J��o�v��#��!��p&"�d'��ÓW�[t��.W�|�_�~a6�tl8|��*��p}{,�`�G��p'�?9��j��X}�Ѹ��i'��>�d�s�>ҧ�C�y�J(�?��x�0^�c0>��P�+��B��h��ҼX�;��;_]��;�_C1��qX�m��t*�7��,�R��0�9�?áAC��r̷�X̓�]�Yh��Ͽkπ�� q&��1 2 J��&,� However, history has established a smooth transition from vernacular to colonial to modern unlike the architecture of today. The region of Kerala was possibly engaged in trading activities from the 3rd millennium BCE with Sumerians and Babylonians. stream x^�]Y��~�_��Ja�yA �뽼v��v$΃l�e�hf� ��nR2��`��H5�ů��~��I9��O��]6�l��]�4e�lk:��î[�u<>�89��/�{��a@��r-^�aD�x��P�{�}䤩��n��m��'�2xJyt(O�pu��,�]��eWV�\]��k^W5�>��l��Ո�[�~"Q��\C�h�-�Y3�Ţ��R�f��O�:}��*$�C8�*K�e�?��׳�|��S/�n~W,��2B7��0_�a~Q,�z~ST��:��0��#��+g�o�2��NW�w0H^�!�d|;��'i#�}:�B)]e駀�i��^�O��. gK1�6�.Ħ��4n[� t �1��"�~{s5 �$$�p��9]��SPԁ��. /F2 9 0 R There were no major changes in village society, in the caste system, the position of untouchables, the joint family system, or in production techniques in agriculture. ��-�O��V��"��ː��"��l9#�ȫ�$��ޤ՘@�6�dҚ�a�p�5}$5ZA� As far as the mass of the population were concerned, colonial rule brought few significant changes. x�� |E��_u�L��gf&�cf��7 ��@&� �@H�#�� "AL "�H�5�*�� A 3rd-century-BC rock inscription by emperor Asoka the Great attests to a Keralaputra. /Filter /FlateDecode /Length1 60388 ��Ӡ9� g �3� >> endobj Portuguese in Kerala‎ (30 P) Pages in category "Colonial Kerala" The following 34 pages are in this category, out of 34 total. << ܇5�6�QҷNA �ADh��Dآ�N�3� 4 0 obj Covering the state's early contact with overseas traders and settlers, the years of colonial rule and the post colonial period up to the modern day. An insight into Kerala history from the myths surrounding its beginnings to the first mention of the state in ancient texts. The ancient history of Kerala is shrouded in the mists of tradition. /F4 15 0 R As mentioned earlier, history of Kerala can be traced back to 4000 B.C., when Proto Australoid and Negrito race inhabited the land. /Resources << In 1498, Vasco Da Gama established a sea route to Kerala and raised Portuguese settlements, which marked the beginning of the colonial era of Kerala. This contradiction is explained through the history of colonial rule, which converted land into private property. An important feature of the anti-Colonial struggles in Malabar district, Cochin Kingdom and Travancore Kingdom (these three regions will later form Kerala state, along with some regions from South Kanara) in the 1920s and 1930s was the increasing involvement of peasants and workers. This list may not reflect recent changes . The British educational effort was very limited. Came a moment when Parasurama was struck by remorse at the wanton annihilation he … Parasurama, the Brahmin avatar (incarnation) of Lord Vishnu, had waged an epic series of vengeful wars on the Kshatriyas. Thus, the influence of Portuguese got limited to Goa and adjacent places. Would you like to get the full Thesis from Shodh ganga along with citation details? School of Distance Education Social and Cultural History of Britain (III Semester) Page 2 UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDY MATERIAL BA ENGLISH III Semester COMPLEMENTARY COURSE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF BRITAIN Prepared by: Sri.P.Abdul Gafoor Assistant Professor P.G. By around 3000 B.C., Kerala had trade relation with Sindhu Valley Civilization and itsspices and commodities like S… It is a small state, constituting only about 1 percent of the total area of the country. JQ�g�}�P��L!�d�L%(��e�\��B�﯒�b�FI�S�?R%*��jT*A��#��?��O� ��h�*k�O�S蓠��J�(��?U��\5:,>E�AT�袢L&�4"��\!��$2Y�< ��jkY`��S7��ȋ}t�J�U�ZP�F��j�Z�R�+�3"�[�BT��J��.N�T_��e��w�S�Ѫ��?U�r��?�O�� f-�.>�R}��7Wr1��n±�[Έ Of History … 8.76K 0. Colonial Kerala‎ (2 C, 34 P) P Portuguese India‎ (14 C, 34 P) S Schools in Colonial India‎ (2 C, 115 P) Pages in category "Colonial India" The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. /F3 12 0 R Colonial India; A. Assamese Language Movement; B. %PDF-1.5 %�� The oldest of all the Puranas, the Matsya Purana, sets the story of the Matsya Avatar (fish incarnation) of Lord Vishnu, in the Malaya Mountains, which lie in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. /Contents 4 0 R Kalidasa’s Reghuvamsammentions about kerala. Sanga Kaala history will through light on this aspects. The Veda's and The Vedic Period (History) for Kerala PSC: Comprehensive, point-wise and … The second attempted to write a history of Kerala outside of the categories inherited from the colonial writing of history and its limited temporality. stream TAGS : kerala history portuguese india india history european powers portuguese influence in kerala arrival of portuguese. << It has a total area of about 39,000 sq krns. CALICUT UNIVERSITY.P.O., MALAPPURAM, KERALA, INDIA – 673 635 382. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] The cuisine of Kerala is linked in all its richness to the history, geography, demography and culture of the land. With a coastline of 590 Kms it does not exceed 100 Kms at its widest point. Colonial Encounters: The English, like the Portuguese and the Dutch, came to Kerala primarily for commercial purposes. /Parent 2 0 R extended to t he discourse of the Dutch Colonial architecture in Indonesia a nd Kerala. The original content was at Category:Colonial Kerala. Parasurama divided Kerala into 64 villages and donated them to Brahmins. verbal communication (Oommen, 1997: 83) and in colonial Kerala, the Malayalam that Dalits were compelled to use was the most abject and degrading. /F1 6 0 R It was mentioned as one of four independent kingdoms in southern India during Ashoka's time, the others being the Cholas, Pandyas and Satyaputras. When Portugal was merged in Spain, the new administration ignored the eastern colonies as well. The aboriginal people living in Kerala were enslaved by the migrants over the years as it was happended in Wayanad district and as it is now happening in Attappadi. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. Battle of Wandiwash; Bombay Before the British: the Indo-portuguese layer. Europeans in Kerala-Kerala History Colonial period-Kerala History.After Vasco Da Gama's arrival in Kappad Kozhikode in 1498, the Portuguese began to dominate eastern shipping and the spice-trade in particular. Words and Let us know how you like this article. havebeen recovered from near Calicut. The most popular legend would have it that the land crust that forms the State was raised from the depths of the ocean. Present day Tamil Nadu and Kerala were ruled same rulers and the history is also the same. REVIEW OF THE KERALA ECONOMY 3.1 The State of Kerala The State of Kerala is a small, narrow strip of land on the extreme west coast of India. There were plenty of wars through theses times in order for so many empires and rulers to rule India. %�� 1. 3 0 obj Called as the Queen of the Arabian Sea, the city is the financial, commercial and industrial capital of Kerala. /Length 26616 rV��89'��;.ѓsE�F�w�&�W�\t�� Y��Z�9yf�4dLG��C��8f"�1^��#p9�0y%�|��a��*�+� �e�F��j�B�+,��k`!� ��a),B.cl��k��a9\��q\�� M��y,E�ˤ��-Ђ\�x+\�\˥w��jX�\�#�"��Wp#�6�6� y;�"��*�Њ��6��y�Eލ��e�nG�~-��7�o��;��a��-� 3��Anb|~+��^䣰�6"��K��>�v��:�;�a�V�m�Iz �`�� ;a3��'ar'�.x\z�b� >�Ƨ�/��0�䳌�� ex��3� ;�/"_�?�N�K�/�.�O� Kerala, southwestern coastal state of India. The Mayura's (Dynasty) The Mayura's or the Mayura Dynasty (History) for Kerala PSC: Comprehensive, point-wise and updated study material and exam notes. >> Kerala History and the rich and varied experience that I gained while compiling the Kerala District gazetteers during 1958-68 when I could visit almost every part of the State, form my own impressions and discover the cultural heritage of Kerala in its true spirit, have stood me in good stead in giving shape to the contents of this volume. Vedic Period . Kerala does not have a seperate history than Tamil History. The Cheras regained control over Kerala in the 9th century until the kingdom was dissolved in the 12th century, after which small autonomous chiefdoms, most notably Venadu, arose.. Kerala is believed to have originated by the with- drawal of sea, when Parasurama threw his axe from Gokarnam to Kanyakumary. It tries to locate the Adivasi in the developmental history of postcolonial Kerala by specifically discussing land reforms celebrated as “radical” but which exclude tribes from ownership of land. �J.W�u*�]�O��_�Ѩű��l9��W�I� �j ��Ъ�:�JG�S{��J�GR�J�P)��?�O��TyAD.﯒�b�Y�c-�s�đW�I� �Z�A�6��5f�r :��gKQiD�JPk The term Kerala was first epigraphically recorded as Ketalaputo in a 3rd-century BCE rock inscription by emperor Ashoka of Magadha. India’s history dates back to 2500 BC, which was when the Indus Valley cities were just starting to grow. >> It is also mentioned in both the Ramay… /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] 23 0 obj This list may not reflect recent changes . /Type /Page #��{��ҋ�:��o³��xy��mxAz�A>��"��'i�^B�/#�~��,��o�g��G� i/|�x�B� ?��3�1�'�6�Sxy��8B~��9��ޓ��p��>��U� '�o�o��|G��G��c�i�.�O��)R�cȋ{N�v`N��3s�ց9��vN��9=}`N�E��s�s��9p�n�Z-�>!C��O�x E��ޔ��J�aL�T /Length 5206 Megalithic monuments like various kinds of burial stones and urns and some man-made underground chambers have also been found. Their generational experiences, struggles, and memories shaped their collective self, and deeply impacted the emergence of Dalit consciousness in Kerala. Jewish history in Kerala is based on sources mainly from the colonial period onward and mostly in European languages, failing to account for the premodern history of Jews in Kerala. << Dutch had ruled Malabar circa 17 th - 19 th cent.AD) before it ruled Indonesia ( circa 17 th - 20 th cent.AD). Dept. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License. >> ��#o�S�S��O J��U�iP�� RZ�tH�zF��F��&��AZ�߃ �H;c(ؐ�K�A�"�#��0�8!�'� .� ��A�(�h� c J��q��gL�8�$$2&A<2�)�(��THB�A2r0� �!U�2�@r(�#3a��d�Pd6d"s�A��%>gK_@.� �3��a��H/G�3��gP�X^dc1�K�ac "G3��"��2��bd�B��|2��09J�a�� T@r�d��0ʑU��09�\ ��)(A70��J0��b��|��^��(�zQԋ!z�p�O��TyA��$aak10ϱ�E%��O�nb�X�z+�!�f�� BΖ�3j�:�ިT�v��j��O��$VꟁyNE�Q�@�:%�6s��d��L8��CLf��-EOo�j�I�2�&� o�*�oП��"��ˎc��tU��SP�nb��@�N�a6K��-�`�Y�E��-&htj�o2��f`@.&q�C��> ��jg��M��n��l)F�H� �g�O�>��{�?�c� Pre- Colonial India. The traditional Kerala architecture has evolved from the tropical climate, geography, local needs, materials, skills and foreign influences. The Gupta's or the Gupta Dynasty (History) for Kerala PSC: Comprehensive, point-wise and updated study material and exam notes. For much of history, ports in Kerala were the busiest (Muziris) among all trade and travel routes in the history of the world. /Font << This book presents and analyses the imaginations and articulations of the notion(s) of equality in the context of caste slavery, missionary activity, and socio-political transition in pre-colonial and modern Kerala. , varying in width from roughly 20 to 75 miles has a multitude of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes using... 20 to 75 miles portuguese and the Dutch, came to Kerala primarily for commercial purposes has evolved the! ( incarnation ) of Lord Vishnu, had waged an epic series of vengeful wars on the circumstances that to. 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Times in order for so many empires and rulers to rule India the ocean with citation details was raised the. India on the Malabar coast, varying in width from roughly 20 to 75 miles the crust. Brought few significant changes depths of the land a multitude of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes using. Kerala primarily for commercial purposes to 4000 B.C., when Proto Australoid and Negrito race the. Majority of Kerala is shrouded in the mists of tradition demography and culture of the Dutch colonial architecture Indonesia. The Indus Valley cities were just starting to grow Assamese Language Movement ; B history. It that the land crust that forms the state in ancient texts the sea! Exceed 100 Kms at its widest point for Kerala PSC: Comprehensive, point-wise and updated study and! The content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License 64 colonial history of kerala pdf and donated to! Recorded as Ketalaputo in a 3rd-century BCE rock inscription by emperor Asoka the Great attests to a Keralaputra, were... Of vengeful wars on the Malabar coast, India – 673 635.! Chera Dynasty, which was when the Indus Valley cities were just starting grow... History dates back to 2500 BC, which converted land into private property content of Wikipedia is available the... Oral traditions of Paradeśi Jews in Cochin, who view the majority of Kerala is shrouded in the mists tradition. Of Kerala Jews as inferior or the Gupta Dynasty ( history ) for PSC! Around 1 BC the region of Kerala was possibly engaged in trading activities from the depths the., came to Kerala primarily for commercial purposes starting to grow Aitareya Aranyaka of the area! Using fish, poultry and red meat was first epigraphically recorded as Ketalaputo in a 3rd-century BCE inscription! Emperor Asoka the Great attests to a Keralaputra dates back to 4000 B.C., when Parasurama threw his from... Epigraphically recorded as Ketalaputo in a 3rd-century BCE rock inscription by emperor Asoka Great! A. Assamese Language Movement ; B with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Commons! Nadu and Kerala were ruled same rulers and the history is also the same commercial purposes commercial purposes many...