Did Hannibal cause the Second Punic War? [5]. Second Punic War - Battle of Baecula 208 BC. 1-5 on the Start of the War Hannibal left Carthago Nova sometime in May, and reached the Rhone in September. [30]. b. Carthaginian conquest of Spain, 237-220bc. Carthage had lost the First Punic War (264-241 BCE) and control of Sicily, then again it had been defeated in the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) and so lost its Spanish empire, its fleet, and independence of military action. here, but I - although I am prepared to see the war Accordingly, this war has captured. The following web pages will help you complete the task. Terms in this set (6) First Punic War Cause. The generally-accepted solution to this was advanced by German historian Eduard Meyer, who argued (1913) that Polybius was so beguiled by Roman traditions that Hannibal caused the war by crossing the Ebro, that he didn’t notice (or glossed over) that – by his chronology – war broke out before Hannibal crossed the Ebro. also blamed Hannibal for starting the war by - they said - crossing Ebro and breaking the Treaty of 226bc. Create. [30]. The causes of the First Punic War were mainly clashes of economic interests. The cause of Second Punic War Bust of Hannibal discovered in Capua. where was the second punic war fought. which led soo after to the march on Italy - the question is, would the Hamilcar established his base at Gades (Cadiz), then conquered the silver mines of Andalusia, then systematically conquered the Iberian peninsula in a series of bloody campaigns; he drowned in a battle at the Jucar River, whilst drawing the Oretani away whilst his son Hannibal made his escape by another route. The cause of Second Punic War Bust of Hannibal discovered in Capua. Browse. diplomacy ... but it also ended up as one of the causes of the Second Explain the significance of Hamilcar Barca in Carthaginian politics. occasioned the war by breaking the Ebro Treaty ... when he didn't? The Roman Senate responded favorably, and ignored the pledge. The causes of the war were a result of both Roman and Carthaginian actions. Both nations took decisive actions that forced them towards the war. Second Punic War; •  explain the role of Carthage, seeing Carthaginian expansion in Spain as an anti-Roman policy and the Roman declaration of war as ‘essentially defensive’. Explain the causes of the Second Punic War a. Sardinia, 237bc. 2. The Barcid was the main driver of the conflict between Carthage and Rome. Carthage continually showed their aggressive nature and desire for war while Rome seemed reluctant. The following websites will help you complete the task. that of French historian Jerome Carcopino, who suggested (1953) that the River Iber in the 231bc treaty was the Jucar, not the Ebro; and German historian Carthage violated the Peace Treaty set in place at the end of the Second Punic War, and Rome ended up burning them to the ground. Hannibal 'received despatches [which] made him aware of the fact that he was ... (in Roman eyes) the cause of the impending war'. Hannibal besieged the town under the pretext that the Sagunto attacked one of the tribes, which were under Carthage authority. Third Punic War Cause. Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.) South of the river Ebro, Sagunto was only sea town (it was Hellenized Iberian city), which did not obeyed to Carthaginians, but it entered into an alliance with Rome. once again after the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC). B. C. 334. The Carthaginians were led by Hannibal, one of the most gifted commanders in history, but the Romans had their own great general Scipio Africanus, an… Scipio defeated the remaining Carthaginian forces in Spain, which placed Spain under Roman control. Does the sequence of events help you decide for yourself 1. rome's ability to adapt to war and their numbers. new capital of Iberia. This made him aware of the fact that he was not only army commander for the Carthaginians but (in Roman eyes) the cause of the impending war, so he decided that there was no point in any further delay. North-East scholar R Malcolm Errington (1970) argued that the Romans only got involved after pressure from/they were invited by Saguntum and Massilia, fearful of the growing power of Carthage. supporter of Hamilcar's 'War Party'; he used his influence and Polybius rightly regarded the latter action as unjustified and the subsequent Carthaginian resentment as a major cause of the Second Punic War. Punic Wat. Posted February 27, 2010 at 5:33 PM Causes of the Second Punic War. The ancient sources written by Livy, Polybius Dio Cassius and Appian place a great deal of blame on Hannibal in starting the Second Punic War. South of the river Ebro, Sagunto was only sea town (it was Hellenized Iberian city), which did not obeyed to Carthaginians, but it entered into an alliance with Rome. Flashcards. Match. To set the scene, the First and Second Punic Wars, as well as the period between the wars, are discussed. Hannibal destroys the Roman army at Cannae in the most severe defeat ever suffered by Rome. When the Carthaginian government under Hanno refused to pay Hamilcar's army, the mercenaries mutinied; Hamilcar joined with Hanno to lead the Carthaginian forces in the bloody war which suppressed them. Who was to blame for the war?Many historians have blamed italy, for 17 years, and then carthage, for less than a year. the relevant sections of Polybius and Livy; •  consider how competing empires’ - think that the war was the result of a nervous Rome seizing 218 when Hannibal took control of the Greek city and Roman ally Saguntum (in Spain). William V Harris (1979; he was Professor of History at Columbia University, New York) argued that the nature of the Roman empire meant that it had to continually and aggressively expand. These were the … (The word “Punic,” later the name for the series of wars between Carthage and Rome, was derived from the Latin word for Phoenician.) Log in Sign up. how far Hannibal was to blame for the war? Causes of the Second Punic War Some historians of the Hannibalian war, when they wish The origin of the 2d Punic war; to point out to us the causes of this contest between Rome and Carthage, allege first the siege of Saguntum by the Carthaginians, and, secondly, their breach of treaty by crossing the river called by the natives the Iber. The Second Punic War: Causes. The causes of the war were a result of both Roman and Carthaginian actions. Rome didn’t like powerful neighbors, and they wanted total control over the Mediterranean. The Second Punic War. Later Roman writers (e.g. The campaigns in Spain alarmed the Romans who, in 226bc, signed a treaty where was the second punic war fought. By 265 B.C., Carthage was the wealthiest and most advanced city in the reg… This is demonstrably erroneous - Polybius's account makes it clear that Hannibal only crossed the Ebro AFTER the Roman's declared war.Polybius (Book 3, Chapter 6) After a while, the Carthaginians got their house in order and sought to expand their empire again. War? , at being forced to surrender Sicily to the Romans during the First Punic War and also to pay 2200 talents within ten years, and 1000 talents immediately (a talent is 25 kg of silver). Livy blamed Hannibal. present-day Cartagena) as the Over the next decades, Rome took over control of both Corsica and Sardinia as well, but Carthage was able to establish a new base of influence in … Hannibal, leading the Barcid Empire, and allied to the Carthagians, crossed the Alps and invaded Italy in a series of highly successful battles. The war on Saguntum was seen by … 'Mighty Ones' supported Hannibal and chose war. Total War History: The First Punic War (Part 1/4) - … The immediate cause of the Second Punic War was the decision by Hannibal — the main Carthaginian general at the time, and one of history’s most revered military commanders — to ignore the treaty between Carthage and Rome that “forbade” Carthage from expanding in Spain beyond the Ebro River. Less well known, are the causes of the Second Punic War. Soon after,Hamilcar conquered the silver mines of Andalusia, defeating the local tribes (allegedly) by putting an army of 50,000 to flight by mutilating and executing their king (whom he had captured) in front of them; archaeologists have discovered that he started minting silver coins almost immediately. Even though the main cause of the second war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. Even if the story of Hamilcar making his son at the age of 9 swear never essentially as ‘an imperial, economic and cultural death-struggle between two The Third Punic War was the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between Carthage and Rome, and lasted from 149 to 146 BC.The war was fought entirely within Carthaginian territory, in modern northern Tunisia.When the Second Punic War ended in 201 BC, one of the terms of the peace treaty prohibited Carthage from waging war without Rome's permission. criticises these historians, declaring that there were three causes of the war - the 'wrath of Hamilcar', the Roman annexation of Sardinia, and Carthaginian expansion in Spain. The Second Punic War-In 226, the Romans pledged to not interfere with anything south of the Ebro River, but after the first punic war, a city named Saguntum, south of the Ebro River, asked Rome for help against the Carthaginians. Hannibal, however, never attained the goal of creating a major division between Rome and its allies. Frustrated at sea by … There was no clear victor and the terms set by the Romans were extremely harsh. Even though the main cause of the second war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. the relevant sections of Polybius and Livy; •  consider how Livy blamed Hannibal. Briefly describe the life and achievements of Hamilcar Barca. to be a friend to Rome is not true, it is clear that he communicated to But he has confused historians ever since by (Remember that I am a History teacher, not a Ancient History professor!). Battle of Baecula. upon the Saguntum Outrage as an opportunity to ‘pick a fight’ with the growing 218 when Hannibal took control of the Greek city and Roman ally Saguntum (in Spain). Hannibal's actions helped precipitate war; •  show knowledge of Tradition holds that Phoenician settlers from the Mediterranean port of Tyre (in what is now Lebanon) founded the city-state of Carthage on the northern coast of Africa, just north of modern-day Tunis, around 814 B.C. Causes of the Second Punic War. By contrast, however, Yorkshire historian Frank Walbank (1957) did not accept that Carthaginian expansion in Spain was anti-Roman, but thought it was just an attempt to restore Carthage’s trading fortunes and empire after the loss of Sicily and Sardinia. Log in Sign up. Did Hannibal cause the Second Punic War? The following web pages will help you complete the task: This document contains the relevant sections of the set STUDY. with Hasdrubal limiting Carthaginian influence to the Ebro River … which Hannibal besieged the town under the pretext that the Sagunto attacked one of the tribes, which were under Carthage authority. Trade was renewed, and Punic merchants were as familiar a sight in Rome as Italians seem to have been in Carthage. During the Spanish campaigns he built up a permanent, well-trained and disciplined army, which Hasdrubal used to complete the conquest of Spain and Hannibal used to invade Italy. Most of the leadership in Cartha… Use the notes above to write answers to questions rome. Other theories to explain this – e.g. It was one of the deadliest human conflicts of ancient times. The Second Punic War-In 226, the Romans pledged to not interfere with anything south of the Ebro River, but after the first punic war, a city named Saguntum, south of the Ebro River, asked Rome for help against the Carthaginians. Home; Site Info; Location; Links; News ; Guestbook; Forums; Works Cited; Links Punic Wars : Punic War Timeline. Their city had suffered too much in the war and in its aftermath during the ‘Mercenary War’ and there was a strong pro-peace party in the city. - beginnings/ origins/ foundations) of the war; he did not criticise the revenge. During the 'Truceless War' (a revolt of mercenaries, 241-237bc), the Roman took advantage of Carthage's weakness to send Sempronius Gracchus to conquer Sardinia and Corsica; the Carthaginians - especially Hamilcar - regarded this as treachery and vowed revenge. Hannibal, leading the Barcid Empire, and allied to the Carthagians, crossed the Alps and invaded Italy in a series of highly successful battles. The Second Punic War was often known as Hannibal’s War in Rome.It was in a real sense the personal war of Hannibal. Rome thought it would be easy to defeat Hannibal, but Hannibal was full of surprises, including his manner of entering the Italic peninsula from Spain. hannibal and scipio. it 'the Wrath of Hamilcar'. First Punic War Effect . In 226bc, when Roman ambassador arrived (showing the Rome was becoming The Second Punic War (218–201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC. The immediate cause of the Second Punic War was the decision by Hannibal — the main Carthaginian general at the time, and one of history’s most revered military commanders — to ignore the treaty between Carthage and Rome that “forbade” Carthage from expanding in Spain beyond the Ebro River. Gravity. Many secondary historians have written about this - one book notes 34 significant contributions since 1896! The Romans helped, … PLAY. Second Punic War.' The primary causes of the three Punic Wars in an easy to understand format. In Book 21 Chapter 21.1 he declares that after the fall of Saguntum Hannibal 'received despatches [which] made him aware of the fact that he was ... (in Roman eyes) the cause of the impending war'. The Second Punic War broke out in B.C. Causes of the Second Punic War The Second Punic war “was the greatest and most dangerous one Rome was compelled to fight on their way to the conquest of the Mediterranean.” With 17 years of battle causing heavy casualties to be suffered on both sides, the Second Punic War has proven to be an important time period in the Roman and Carthaginian empires. His family were high-ranking nobles, allegedly from the founding of Carthage; his name means 'Servant of Melquart' (the god of Tyre, and the Baal of the Old Testament); his two sons were Hannibal (loved by Baal) and Hasdrubal ('helped by Baal'). who won the second punic war. The Second Punic War occurred between 218-201 BC. Now write an answer to the following question: 'Hannibal caused the Second Punic War.' 9:38 . You can read my full reasoning on my blog-post Explain the causes of the Second Punic War a. Sardinia, 237bc. what were the results of the second punic war. Links: had still been in control? How far do the ancient sources support this opinion? The main reasons for the Second or Hannibalic War were the ambition and pride of prominent military generals and a poorly configured political agreement. In Book 21 Chapter 21.1 he declares that after the fall of Saguntum Hannibal 'received despatches [which] made him aware of the fact that he was ... (in Roman eyes) the cause of the impending war'. The Primary Record. That's the most honest answer I can give. The Second Pinic War: The Causes Of The Second Punic War 938 Words | 4 Pages. against the Romans. rome's ability to adapt to war and their numbers. Second Punic War, also called Second Carthaginian War, second (218–201 bce) in a series of wars between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian (Punic) empire that resulted in Roman hegemony over the western Mediterranean. why did rome win the second punic war. These wars were fought on three frontiers. master; as a result, Hannibal came to control the army in Spain ... Polybius is someone who gives a very good account of the events that led to the war, blaming the Carthaginians for causing the war. The Greek historian Polybius states 3 causes of the Second Punic War. Although Polybius states that the 226bc Treaty said nothing about Spain south of the Ebro, in c.220bc the Romans promised to support Saguntum in its quarrel with Carthage; when Hannibal captured to the town in defiance of their warning, the Roman ambassadors offered the Carthaginian Assembly 'peace or war' ... and the newly-expanded, newly enriched and newly-confident Cathaginians accepted war. Although this solution worked, it set up an excuse for Hannibal to advance his cause and progress towards the beginning of the Second Punic War. The campaigns in Spain alarmed the Romans who,in 226bc, signed a treaty with Hasdrubal limiting Carthaginian influence to the Ebro River … which in the end led to the Second Punic War. Hannibal believed that the interference in Saguntum showed the desire to create a Roman protectorate in Spain.